205 terms
Close Reading & Analytical Techniques
A fundamental analytical method involving careful, detailed attention to specific words, phrases, sounds, structures, an
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Close Reading & Analytical Techniques
The emotional, cultural, or associative meanings of a word beyond its literal denotation. Connotation involves what a wo
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Close Reading & Analytical Techniques
The literal, explicit meaning of a word as found in a dictionary, without emotional or associative overtones. Denotation
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Close Reading & Analytical Techniques
A cluster of related words, images, and concepts that appear throughout a text, creating patterns of meaning that reinfo
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Close Reading & Analytical Techniques
A literary technique in which familiar things are presented in unfamiliar ways, disrupting habitual perception and encou
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Close Reading & Analytical Techniques
A literary technique in which particular words, images, or ideas are made prominent through unusual positioning, repetit
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Close Reading & Analytical Techniques
The quality of permitting multiple meanings, interpretations, or emotional responses simultaneously. Ambiguity differs f
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Close Reading & Analytical Techniques
A brief, indirect reference to another text, historical event, myth, or cultural element. Allusions enrich meaning by in
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Close Reading & Analytical Techniques
A metaphor that develops consistently throughout a text, with the central comparison explored and elaborated across mult
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Close Reading & Analytical Techniques
A question posed for persuasive or emphatic effect rather than to solicit an answer. Rhetorical questions create engagem
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Context & Contemporary Literature
The historical events, social conditions, political situations, and time periods that influenced a text's creation and m
Texts in Shared Contexts
Context & Contemporary Literature
The literary traditions, genres, movements, and previous works that provide context for understanding a particular text.
Texts in Shared Contexts
Context & Contemporary Literature
The social structures, hierarchies, values, and relationships (class, gender, family, community) that shape a text's con
Texts in Shared Contexts
Context & Contemporary Literature
Literature by and about diaspora communities—people displaced from homelands through slavery, colonialism, economic migr
Texts in Shared Contexts
Context & Contemporary Literature
A thematic and critical concern in literature by and about formerly colonised peoples. Postcolonial identity addresses q
Texts in Shared Contexts
Context & Contemporary Literature
The critical study of texts (posters, films, speeches, literature) designed to persuade audiences to adopt particular vi
Texts in Shared Contexts
Context & Contemporary Literature
Poetry that explicitly voices objection to injustice, war, oppression, or other wrongs, often employing direct statement
Texts in Shared Contexts
Context & Contemporary Literature
A contemporary literary genre addressing climate change, environmental catastrophe, and futures transformed by ecologica
Texts in Shared Contexts
Context & Contemporary Literature
Literature written in and about the digital age, incorporating internet language, social media, digital communication, o
Texts in Shared Contexts
Context & Contemporary Literature
The characteristic features, forms, structures, and reader expectations that define a literary genre (tragedy, comedy, p
Texts in Shared Contexts
Critical Approaches
A critical approach that analyses how literature represents gender, often revealing patriarchal assumptions, female subo
Texts in Shared Contexts
Critical Approaches
A critical approach that analyses how literature represents class relations, economic systems, and power structures, oft
Texts in Shared Contexts
Critical Approaches
A critical approach that analyses how literature represents colonialism, imperialism, and the relationships between colo
Texts in Shared Contexts
Critical Approaches
A critical approach that analyses literature through psychological frameworks (particularly Freudian and Lacanian theory
Texts in Shared Contexts
Critical Approaches
A critical approach that emphasises the reader's active role in creating meaning rather than meaning being inherent in t
Texts in Shared Contexts
Critical Approaches
The relationship between texts created through references, echoes, allusions, quotations, and responses to earlier or co
Texts in Shared Contexts
Critical Theory & Interpretation
A critical method examining how cultural texts (including literature) serve ideological purposes, reinforce power struct
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Critical Theory & Interpretation
A critical method (developed by Jacques Derrida) that questions texts' apparent stable meanings by revealing internal co
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Critical Theory & Interpretation
A critical method treating literary form as primary to meaning—how structure, language, imagery, and technique create ef
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Critical Theory & Interpretation
A critical principle (formulated by Wimsatt and Beardsley) arguing that texts may mean things beyond or contrary to auth
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Critical Theory & Interpretation
A literary critical tradition (dominant in mid-20th century) emphasising texts' universal truths about human experience,
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Critical Theory & Interpretation
A critical approach studying how narrative works—narrative voice, point of view, time, plot structure, and how these ele
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Critical Theory & Interpretation
A critical approach arguing that meaning is created not by texts alone but through readers' engagement with textual feat
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Critical Theory & Interpretation
The understanding that texts gain meaning through their contexts—historical period, social conditions, literary traditio
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Critical Theory & Interpretation
The skill of examining multiple interpretations of a text, assessing their validity based on textual evidence, and recog
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
Verbs that describe textual effects and analytical relationships rather than simple description. Analytical verbs (sugge
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
AQA's five Assessment Objectives (AO1-AO5) define what students must demonstrate: AO1 articulate informed responses usin
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
A structured method for comparing texts that integrates analysis rather than listing similarities and differences separa
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
In analytical writing, the presentation of an alternative interpretation or criticism of one's argument, followed by rea
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
The skill of incorporating critical viewpoints from academic sources into literary analysis. NEA requires using critical
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
A writing technique where quotations are integrated into sentences (typically shorter quotations of key phrases) rather
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
Language that acknowledges the tentative nature of interpretation, using phrases like 'might suggest', 'could imply', 'a
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
The ability to articulate personal, individual responses to texts while grounding responses in close textual analysis an
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
In comparative essays, the process of moving beyond point-by-point comparison to develop integrated analysis showing how
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
The skill of formulating clear, significant argumentative claims that guide essay development. Thesis statements should
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
The sentence in a paragraph that expresses the main idea, typically appearing early (often first) in the paragraph. A to
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Essay Craft & Exam Skills
A strategic method for analysing poems not previously studied, developed for Paper 1 and Paper 2 unseen poetry sections.
Critical Approaches and Terminology
Figurative Language & Imagery
A figure of speech that directly equates two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as' (unlike simile). Metaphor create
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
A direct comparison between two unlike things using the words 'like' or 'as', acknowledging similarity rather than asser
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
A figure of speech in which non-human entities (animals, objects, abstractions, natural phenomena) are given human chara
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
A figure of speech employing extreme exaggeration for emphasis, emotional effect, or comedic impact. Hyperbole is delibe
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
A rhetorical device in which contradictory or opposite terms are brought together in close proximity ('bitter sweet', 'l
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
A statement or situation that appears logically contradictory or absurd on the surface yet may reveal a deeper truth whe
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
A highly ingenious and surprising metaphor, often extended across multiple lines, comparing two seemingly unrelated thin
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
A figure of speech employing deliberate understatement, often achieved by negating the opposite. Litotes creates emphasi
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
The use of a mild, indirect, or vague expression in place of something harsh, blunt, or taboo. Euphemism can be used for
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
A type of personification in which the natural environment is described as if it is responding to, reflecting, or sympat
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
The use of descriptive language that appeals to the reader's senses (sight, sound, taste, touch, smell) to create vivid
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
Descriptive language that evokes sounds and acoustic effects, including onomatopoeia, assonance, alliteration, and expli
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
Descriptive language that creates mental pictures through references to colour, light, shadow, shape, and visual composi
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
A sudden, often comic descent from elevated, solemn, or dignified expression to something trivial, commonplace, or ridic
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
A structural and rhetorical device in which two contrasting ideas, images, characters, or scenes are placed adjacent to
Literary Analysis Methods
Figurative Language & Imagery
The quality of evoking emotional response, particularly sympathy, pity, or sadness. Pathos is created through emotionall
Literary Analysis Methods
Independent critical study
Formal systems for citing sources (particularly important in NEA). Common systems include footnotes, parenthetical citat
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
A strategic plan for comparing texts, establishing criteria for comparison (theme, form, historical period, literary tra
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
Strategies for comparing poetry and prose texts meaningfully, addressing different formal conventions while identifying
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
The process of constructing and sustaining a literary argument across an essay or longer work (NEA), ensuring that analy
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
The practice of composing initial drafts, then revising for clarity, coherence, argument strength, and expression. Draft
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
A comparative approach examining how different genres (poetry, drama, prose) treat similar themes or concerns, revealing
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
The Non-Exam Assessment (40% of A-level) requiring students to independently select and analyse two texts (one must be p
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
Strategies for choosing additional texts beyond prescribed curriculum, reading effectively to develop literary knowledge
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
Balancing academic formality with individual voice and perspective. Academic writing requires clarity and precision, but
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
A paragraph structure valuable for essays and particularly for NEA: Point (topic sentence stating analytical claim); Evi
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
Strategies for selecting texts for NEA or extended analysis: choosing texts offering rich analytical potential; selectin
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
An analytical approach identifying and examining themes (major ideas or concerns) within and across texts. Thematic anal
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
The practice of consulting scholarly criticism and theoretical perspectives to deepen analysis while maintaining primary
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Independent critical study
The challenge of developing sustained argument within the 2500-word limit for NEA, balancing comprehensiveness with conc
Non-exam Assessment Skills
Literary Movements
A label applied to 1950s-60s British writers expressing angry social critique, generational alienation, and rejection of
Texts in Shared Contexts
Literary Movements
An American literary and cultural movement (1950s onwards) emphasising spontaneity, experimental form, anti-establishmen
Texts in Shared Contexts
Literary Movements
A movement in British drama and literature (1950s-60s) depicting working-class domestic life with naturalistic detail an
Texts in Shared Contexts
Literary Movements
A major literary and artistic movement (roughly 1890s-1945) characterised by formal innovation, rejection of traditional
Texts in Shared Contexts
Literary Movements
A literary and cultural movement (roughly 1960s onward) characterised by scepticism toward grand narratives, playful par
Texts in Shared Contexts
Literary Movements
A literary approach emphasising realistic depiction of ordinary people's lives, particularly working-class or marginalis
Texts in Shared Contexts
Literary Movements
A philosophical and literary movement emphasising individual existence over abstract essence, radical freedom, individua
Texts in Shared Contexts
Literary Movements
A movement in mid-20th-century poetry that emphasised autobiographical disclosure, psychological vulnerability, taboo to
Texts in Shared Contexts
Literary Traditions of Love
A Romantic character type originating in Byron's poetry, characterised by beauty, charisma, intense emotion, and rebelli
Love through the Ages
Literary Traditions of Love
A Latin phrase ('seize the day') that became a major literary theme, particularly in love poetry. Carpe diem poems urge
Love through the Ages
Literary Traditions of Love
The particular conventions established by Petrarch's sonnets (14th century), including the blazon (cataloguing the belov
Love through the Ages
Literary Traditions of Love
Love poetry of the Renaissance (15th-17th centuries) characterised by formal sophistication, classical influence, wit, p
Love through the Ages
Literary Traditions of Love
A dramatic genre of 17th-century Restoration theatre (1660-1700) featuring witty dialogue, romantic intrigues, and socia
Love through the Ages
Love, Time & Loss
A major literary theme exploring the relationship between love and death, often suggesting that love gains urgency from
Love through the Ages
Love, Time & Loss
A thematic combination where love is inseparable from exile, displacement, or enforced separation. Love and exile create
Love through the Ages
Love, Time & Loss
A central literary theme exploring how love necessarily involves vulnerability to loss, and how loss of love involves gr
Love through the Ages
Love, Time & Loss
A thematic pairing where love is fundamentally connected to memory, nostalgia, or the past. Love and memory explores how
Love through the Ages
Love, Time & Loss
A thematic pairing exploring love's relationship to time—how love endures or fails in time, how beauty fades, how mortal
Love through the Ages
Love, Time & Loss
A sentimental longing for the past, often tinged with melancholy or recognition of loss. Nostalgia combines pleasure in
Love through the Ages
Love's Complications
A thematic distinction between desire (attraction, lust, wanting) and love (emotional connection, commitment, care). Muc
Love through the Ages
Love's Complications
Love between people whom society, law, morality, or circumstance prohibits from being together. Forbidden love is often
Love through the Ages
Love's Complications
A form of love in which the lover seeks to control, dominate, or exclusively possess the beloved, often characterised by
Love through the Ages
Love's Complications
Love that transgresses social norms, legal boundaries, or moral codes—incest, adultery, interracial relationships in rac
Love through the Ages
Love's Complications
A love situation in which one person loves another who does not reciprocate the feeling. Unrequited love often features
Love through the Ages
Love's Complications
A thematic connection between love and psychological breakdown or madness, presenting love as potentially destabilising,
Love through the Ages
Love's Complications
A thematic focus on how love relationships involve or are shaped by power dynamics, including domination, submission, re
Love through the Ages
Love's Complications
Love relationships shaped by patriarchal social structures in which male authority over females is assumed. Patriarchal
Love through the Ages
Narrative Structure & Voice
The perspective or point of view through which a narrative is presented to the reader. Can be first person (I/we), secon
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A third-person narrative voice with complete knowledge of all characters' internal states, thoughts, and motivations, as
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A third-person narrative voice whose knowledge and perception are limited to a single character's viewpoint, consciousne
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A narrator who misleads the reader through deliberate deception, bias, forgetfulness, or limited understanding. The read
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A narrative structure that interweaves two distinct storylines, perspectives, or timeframes, moving between them through
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A narrative technique in which the chronological sequence is interrupted to present events from the past. Flashbacks can
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A narrative technique in which earlier events, imagery, or language subtly anticipate later developments. Foreshadowing
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A narrative structure that is deliberately broken, non-linear, or discontinuous, presented in fragments rather than chro
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A narrative technique in which a story begins not at the chronological beginning but in the middle of events ('in the mi
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A structural pattern in which a text ends by returning to or echoing its opening image, theme, or situation, creating cl
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A concluding section that follows the main action of a drama, narrative, or poem, typically providing closure, reflectio
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
An opening section of a drama, narrative, or poem that precedes the main action. A prologue may provide background infor
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A narrative technique that attempts to represent the unfiltered, continuous flow of a character's thoughts, often withou
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A literary form in which the narrative is conveyed through letters, diary entries, emails, or other written documents ra
Literary Analysis Methods
Narrative Structure & Voice
A sudden moment of profound insight or realisation in which a character (or reader) understands something previously hid
Literary Analysis Methods
Poetic Forms of Love
A literary response to blazon conventions in which the poet explicitly rejects idealised physical descriptions, often by
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
A poetic genre originating in medieval literature in which lovers must part at dawn. Aubade poems often feature the tens
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
A narrative poem in regular stanzas (typically quatrains) with consistent rhyme scheme and metre, originally intended to
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
A poetic convention in which the beloved's physical features are detailed, often through extended metaphors comparing bo
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
A poem combining lyric intensity (subjective emotion, musicality) with dramatic elements (situation, character, implied
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
A poetic form expressing grief, lamentation, or mourning for death, loss, or absence. Elegies often employ formal struct
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
A poetic form celebrating a wedding or marriage, often commissioned for the occasion. Epithalamia typically employ eleva
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
A formal lyric poem, typically addressed to a person or object, that praises, celebrates, or meditates on its subject wi
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
An elegy (mourning poem) set in an idealised pastoral landscape inhabited by shepherds and nature. The pastoral setting
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
A hybrid literary form abandoning verse line breaks while retaining poetic devices (imagery, compression, musicality, fi
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
A nineteen-line poetic form consisting of five tercets (three-line stanzas) followed by one quatrain (four lines), with
Love through the Ages
Poetic Forms of Love
A dramatic or poetic device where a character alone on stage or in imagination addresses themselves, revealing internal
Love through the Ages
Poetic Structure & Form
A pair of consecutive lines in a poem that rhyme with each other. Couplets can be closed (complete thought within two li
Literary Analysis Methods
Poetic Structure & Form
A four-line stanza, the most common unit in English poetry. Quatrains can follow various rhyme schemes (AABB, ABAB, ABCB
Literary Analysis Methods
Poetic Structure & Form
An eight-line unit in poetry, most significantly the opening section of a Petrarchan sonnet. The octave typically presen
Literary Analysis Methods
Poetic Structure & Form
A six-line unit or stanza, most commonly known as the concluding section of a Petrarchan sonnet (after the eight-line oc
Literary Analysis Methods
Poetic Structure & Form
A three-line stanza or grouping in poetry. Tercets can have various rhyme schemes (ABA, AAA, etc.) and appear in forms l
Literary Analysis Methods
Poetic Structure & Form
A sudden turn, shift, or change in direction within a poem's argument, tone, emotion, or perspective. In sonnets, the vo
Literary Analysis Methods
Poetic Structure & Form
A highly structured poetic form consisting of 14 lines, typically in iambic pentameter, with a prescribed rhyme scheme a
Literary Analysis Methods
Poetic Structure & Form
A poetic technique in which a grammatical phrase or clause continues beyond the end of a line, forcing the reader to con
Literary Analysis Methods
Rhetorical Devices
A narrative form in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract concepts or ideas, often moral or politica
Literary Analysis Methods
Rhetorical Devices
A rhetorical device in which the same word or words are repeated at the beginning of successive clauses or lines. Anapho
Literary Analysis Methods
Rhetorical Devices
A rhetorical device in which the same word or words are repeated at the end of successive clauses or lines. Epistrophe c
Literary Analysis Methods
Rhetorical Devices
A rhetorical pattern in which three similar elements are presented in sequence. Tricolon creates rhythm and emphasis, wi
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
A phonetic device in which the same consonant sound is repeated at the beginning of words or stressed syllables in close
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
A phonetic device in which vowel sounds are repeated within or across words in proximity, creating a musical or emphatic
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words, distinct from rhyme because the following consonants differ. Assonance c
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
The repetition of consonant sounds within or at the end of words in close proximity, creating sonic patterns and emphasi
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
A specific type of alliteration in which sibilant consonants (s, z, sh, ch, j sounds) are repeated, creating a whisperin
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
The most dominant English poetic metre, consisting of five iambic feet (unstressed-stressed syllables) per line, creatin
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
The systematic pattern of stressed (/) and unstressed (∪) syllables that creates the rhythmic foundation of a poem. Metr
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
Poetry written in iambic pentameter without a regular rhyme scheme. Blank verse is the dominant form of English dramatic
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
A modern poetic form that abandons regular metre and rhyme scheme, allowing poets to structure lines according to meanin
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
A pause or metrical break within a poetic line, often marked by punctuation (comma, colon, semicolon) or created through
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
The ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of lines in a poem, conventionally marked with letters (ABAB, AABB, etc.). Rhy
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
A visual or spelling rhyme where words appear to rhyme on the page but do not sound identical when pronounced. Eye rhyme
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
A rhyme using words with similar but not identical sounds, also called slant rhyme, near rhyme, or imperfect rhyme. Half
Literary Analysis Methods
Sound, Rhythm & Metre
Rhyming that occurs within a line of poetry or between words in the same or nearby lines, rather than at line ends. Inte
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
The specific word choices made by a writer, encompassing vocabulary, register, and connotative values. Diction is fundam
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
The degree of formality or informality in language use, ranging from highly formal (academic, legal, ceremonial) to info
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
The emotional atmosphere or prevailing sentiment that a text creates in the reader through imagery, tone, language choic
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
The writer's attitude, perspective, or emotional stance toward the subject matter, which is conveyed through word choice
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
The grammatical structure and arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses within sentences. Syntax shapes pace, emphasis,
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
A recurring element (image, object, phrase, character type, action) that appears throughout a literary work, developing
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
The practice of using concrete things (objects, colours, animals, settings) to represent abstract concepts, emotions, or
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
A narrative form (novel or long poem) that traces a protagonist's development from youth or immaturity to adulthood or w
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
Characteristic elements of Gothic literature including dark atmospheres, mysterious or supernatural events, decaying set
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
A narrative style that treats magical, fantastical, or impossible events as ordinary occurrences within a realistic sett
Literary Analysis Methods
Style, Tone & Genre
A Victorian literary genre emphasising emotional intensity, plot twists, shocking revelations, and sensational events de
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
A situation in which the reader or audience possesses information that the character(s) does not, creating tension, humo
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
A poetic form in which a single speaker addresses an implied listener or audience, often revealing character through the
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
The sense of suspense, conflict, or uncertainty that drives audience or reader engagement. Dramatic tension arises from
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
In dramatic texts, a speech in which a character alone on stage (or believing themselves alone) speaks their inner thoug
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
According to Aristotle, the emotional cleansing or release experienced by an audience witnessing tragic events. Through
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
In classical Greek drama, a group of characters (typically representing citizens, elders, or a collective perspective) w
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
In classical tragedy, the protagonist's fatal flaw or error of judgment that leads inevitably to their downfall. Hamarti
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
Extreme pride, arrogance, or overconfidence, particularly in classical tragedy. Hubris represents an excess of self-rega
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
Retribution, punishment, or ruin that follows from hubris or transgression, often presented as inevitable or divinely or
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
In dramatic structure, a sudden and complete reversal of the protagonist's situation from good to bad (or bad to good),
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
A central character in tragedy who is noble or admirable but is brought to ruin by a tragic flaw (hamartia), circumstanc
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
In tragedy, the moment of recognition or discovery in which the protagonist (and audience) understands crucial truths, o
Literary Analysis Methods
Tragedy & Drama
The final section of a narrative in which conflicts are resolved, loose ends are tied up, and consequences of climactic
Literary Analysis Methods
Types & Concepts of Love
A Greek term for selfless, unconditional love that seeks no return—contrasted with eros (desire) and philia (friendship)
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
A Greek term for erotic, passionate love characterised by desire, attraction, and physical longing. Eros is not merely p
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
A Greek term for love based on friendship, shared interests, mutual respect, and companionship. Philia emphasises compat
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
A Greek term for familial, affectionate love—the bond between family members or deep familiarity built over time. Storge
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
A conception of love emphasising intense emotional connection, individual choice, personal passion, and often transcende
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
A form of love emphasising intellectual, spiritual, and emotional connection without sexual or romantic component. Plato
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
The love children feel toward parents, often involving respect, gratitude, sometimes rebellion or reconciliation. Filial
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
The love between mother and child, represented in literature as foundational, protective, sacrificial, or sometimes ambi
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
A medieval and Renaissance literary tradition in which love is idealised as a noble, spiritualising force, often involvi
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
Refined or courtly love (from Occitan fin'amors), a medieval tradition emphasising noble, passion-driven love, often adu
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
Love presented in its most positive, transcendent, or spiritualised form—as ennobling, purifying, or offering meaning an
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
In literature, self-love ranges from healthy self-regard and autonomy to pathological narcissism and self-obsession. Sel
Love through the Ages
Types & Concepts of Love
An 18th-century literary and cultural mode emphasising emotional responsiveness, sentimentality, sympathy for others' su
Love through the Ages
World War I Literature
Individuals who refused compulsory military service during WW1 (and later wars) based on conscience, religious belief, o
Texts in Shared Contexts
World War I Literature
A thematic and emotional focus on the loss of naive belief in ideals—particularly regarding war's glory, national herois
Texts in Shared Contexts
World War I Literature
Literary works depicting civilian experience during warfare—home front workers, women managing households during men's a
Texts in Shared Contexts
World War I Literature
The belief that war and violence are morally wrong and should be opposed or refused. Pacifism appears in literature as p
Texts in Shared Contexts
World War I Literature
A psychological condition affecting WW1 soldiers, characterised by anxiety, tremor, sensory disturbance, and psychologic
Texts in Shared Contexts
World War I Literature
The squalid, dangerous conditions of trench warfare—mud, cold, disease, death, claustrophobia, stalemate—as represented
Texts in Shared Contexts
World War I Literature
Poetry written during or about World War I trench warfare, often employing distinctive imagery (mud, rats, decay, blood)
Texts in Shared Contexts
World War I Literature
Literary works engaging with war memorials, monuments, and remembrance practices, often questioning whether memorials ad
Texts in Shared Contexts
World War I Literature
The distinctive features, themes, and techniques that characterise literature written during or about World War I (1914-
Texts in Shared Contexts
World War I Literature
Literary exploration of class divisions in warfare—officers vs enlisted men, working-class soldiers' experiences, class
Texts in Shared Contexts
World War I Literature
Literary examination of war's effects on gender—masculinity in combat, women's displaced roles, gender dynamics during w
Texts in Shared Contexts