Hubris
Extreme pride, arrogance, or overconfidence, particularly in classical tragedy. Hubris represents an excess of self-regard that blinds characters to warnings or their own limitations, often provoking divine punishment or inevitable downfall.
Real World
Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelley's novel believes he can surpass natural limits by creating life, mirroring the hubris of real figures like Elizabeth Holmes of Theranos, whose unchecked confidence in revolutionising medicine led to spectacular public downfall.
Exam Focus
Distinguish hubris from ordinary pride by showing it as a transgression against accepted limits or moral order.
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