37 terms in Topic1.2
Democracy
A system of government in which power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives who make
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Democracy
A form of democracy where citizens themselves vote on policy decisions rather than delegating those decisions to elected
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Democracy
A form of democracy where citizens elect representatives to make political decisions on their behalf, rather than voting
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Democracy
The right to vote in elections, and the history of how that right has been gradually extended to include all adult citiz
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Democracy
The various ways citizens engage with the political process, from voting and party membership to protests, campaigns, an
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Democracy
The gap between how democracy should work in theory and how it works in practice, including low turnout, unelected insti
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Democracy
The debate over reforms that could strengthen democracy, including electoral reform, Lords reform, votes at 16, digital
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Electoral Systems
The electoral system used for UK general elections where the candidate with the most votes in each constituency wins, re
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Electoral Systems
A mixed electoral system combining FPTP constituency seats with proportional regional list seats, used for Scottish Parl
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Electoral Systems
A proportional electoral system where voters rank candidates in order of preference in multi-member constituencies, used
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Electoral Systems
An electoral system where voters indicate a first and second preference, used for London mayoral elections and some poli
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Electoral Systems
A category of electoral systems designed to ensure that each party's share of seats closely matches its share of votes c
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Electoral Systems
An analytical comparison of different electoral systems used in the UK, evaluating their effects on representation, gove
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Electoral Systems
Popular votes on specific policy or constitutional questions, used in the UK for major decisions like EU membership, dev
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Electoral Systems
The decline of the traditional link between social class and voting — where working-class voters supported Labour and mi
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Electoral Systems
The weakening of voters' long-term attachment to a particular political party, leading to more volatile and unpredictabl
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Electoral Systems
The theory that voters choose parties based on perceived competence and leadership quality on key issues (especially the
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Electoral Systems
Additional factors that influence voting including age, gender, ethnicity, region, education, and issue-based voting on
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Electoral Systems
Voting for a party that is not your first choice in order to prevent the party you least want from winning — a strategy
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Electoral Systems
How newspapers, television, social media, and online platforms influence election campaigns, voter perceptions, and poli
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Political Parties
The roles parties play in democracy: representing different interests, selecting candidates, forming governments, provid
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Political Parties
The UK's main centre-right party, traditionally associated with free markets, low taxation, strong defence, social order
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Political Parties
The UK's main centre-left party, historically rooted in the trade union movement and associated with social justice, pub
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Political Parties
Smaller parties including the Liberal Democrats, SNP, Greens, UKIP/Reform, and Plaid Cymru, and their impact on the poli
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Political Parties
How political parties finance their activities — through membership fees, donations, state funding, and loans — and the
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Political Parties
The debate about whether the UK has a two-party system (dominated by Conservatives and Labour) or has become a multi-par
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Political Parties
The contrast between periods of broad agreement between major parties on key policies (consensus) and periods of sharp i
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Political Parties
How parties make decisions internally — including leader selection, policy-making, and candidate selection — and debates
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Pressure Groups
Organisations that seek to influence government policy and public opinion on specific issues without seeking to win elec
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Pressure Groups
A classification based on whether pressure groups have close, regular access to government decision-makers (insiders) or
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Pressure Groups
The different strategies groups use to achieve their goals, including lobbying, public campaigns, direct action, litigat
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Pressure Groups
What determines whether a pressure group achieves its goals — including financial resources, membership size, expertise,
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Pressure Groups
The debate about whether pressure groups enhance democracy (by increasing participation and representation) or undermine
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Pressure Groups
Organisations that produce policy research to influence government thinking (think tanks) and professional advocates who
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The EU and the UK
The UK's relationship with the EU from joining in 1973 to Brexit in 2020, including the impact of EU membership on sover
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The EU and the UK
The political, constitutional, economic, and social consequences of the UK's departure from the European Union.
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The EU and the UK
The key EU bodies — the Commission, Council of Ministers, European Parliament, and European Court of Justice — and how d
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