Internal Party Democracy
How parties make decisions internally — including leader selection, policy-making, and candidate selection — and debates about whether members have genuine power.
Real World
Jeremy Corbyn's 2015 Labour leadership victory — aided by a £3 supporter registration scheme that flooded the electorate with left-wing voters — showed how membership rules can dramatically shift a party's ideological direction against the wishes of its MPs.
Exam Focus
Distinguish between formal democratic structures and where real power lies; examiners reward analysis of the gap between the two.
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