36 terms in 3.2
Families and households
Murdock identified four universal functions of the family: sexual regulation, reproduction, economic production and cons
Families and households
Families and households
Parsons' concept that the family, especially the wife, provides emotional support and relaxation (the 'warm bath') for s
Families and households
Families and households
Parsons' concept that the family stabilises adult personalities by providing a refuge from the competitive, impersonal d
Families and households
Families and households
Marxist theory by Zaretsky that the family provides emotional compensation and escapism for capitalist exploitation, fun
Families and households
Families and households
Engels' historical materialist analysis that the family, particularly monogamy, arose with private property to enable pa
Families and households
Families and households
Oakley challenged the sex/gender distinction accepted by functionalists, arguing that gender roles (feminine/masculine)
Families and households
Families and households
Duncombe & Marsden's concept that many women perform a triple shift: paid work, housework, and emotional labour (managin
Families and households
Families and households
Edgell's research found that despite claims of egalitarian relationships, major family decisions (house moves, finances)
Families and households
Families and households
Young & Willmott's optimistic theory that modern families are becoming 'symmetrical': both partners contribute to housew
Families and households
Families and households
The roles and responsibilities of married or cohabiting partners in a relationship. Conjugal roles can be segregated (se
Families and households
Families and households
Radical feminism argues that the family is a patriarchal institution fundamentally oppressive to women, serving male int
Families and households
Families and households
Difference feminism (hooks, Somerville) argues that femininity and family relationships contain valuable qualities (cari
Families and households
Families and households
Rapoport identified five dimensions of family diversity: organisational (nuclear, extended, lone parent), cultural (diff
Families and households
Families and households
Chester's term for the modern family structure where both partners work but maintain gender divisions, with men still br
Families and households
Families and households
New Right theorist Murray argues that welfare state policies have undermined the traditional family by making lone mothe
Families and households
Families and households
New Right and conservative sociology apply underclass theory to family, arguing family breakdown (lone motherhood, cohab
Families and households
Families and households
The concept that childhood is not a natural, universal stage of life but socially constructed; different societies and h
Families and households
Families and households
Ariès' historical analysis showing that childhood (as a distinct, protected life stage) is a modern invention; in mediev
Families and households
Families and households
Postman's argument that modern media (television, internet) expose children to adult information and values, eroding the
Families and households
Families and households
Two opposing views: March of Progress sees childhood development from Victorian exploitation to modern protection as gen
Families and households
Families and households
Birth rates (number of live births per 1,000 population) and death rates (deaths per 1,000 population) have changed dram
Families and households
Families and households
UK population is ageing due to declining birth rates and increasing life expectancy; median age has risen from 34 (1970)
Families and households
Families and households
Net migration (more people entering than leaving) has increased UK family diversity through immigrant families with diff
Families and households
Families and households
Globalisation creates transnational families separated across countries by migration, work, or conflict. Family members
Families and households
Families and households
Beanpole families are vertically extended (spanning multiple generations) but horizontally narrow (few siblings/cousins)
Families and households
Families and households
Smart's concept that sociology should focus on personal relationships and the meanings people create in intimate life, r
Families and households
Families and households
Beck argues that late modernity creates individualisation: people are freed from fixed social roles and identities (fami
Families and households
Families and households
Dobash & Dobash's feminist research showing that domestic violence is not random or exceptional but systematic, gendered
Families and households
Families and households
Wilkinson argues that male stress from poverty, unemployment, and relative deprivation increases domestic violence risk,
Families and households
Families and households
Mirrlees-Black's British Crime Survey research revealed domestic violence is far more common than reported: approximatel
Families and households
Families and households
Eli Zaretsky is a neo-Marxist theorist who analysed the family as site where capitalism reproduces itself and patriarchy
Families and households
Families and households
Friedrich Engels' Marxist analysis of family as economic institution that arose with private property and class systems,
Families and households
Families and households
Parsons described family gender roles as natural and functional: instrumental role (breadwinner, external tasks, male) a
Families and households
Families and households
Contemporary families are increasingly diverse: nuclear, extended, single-parent, blended, same-sex, chosen families, no
Families and households
Families and households
Dramatic rise in divorce rates and remarriage creating blended families and changing family experience, though remaining
Families and households
Families and households
Childhood is socially constructed, not natural stage: its length, activities, protections, expectations vary across cult
Families and households