Triple shift and emotion work
Duncombe & Marsden's concept that many women perform a triple shift: paid work, housework, and emotional labour (managing family members' feelings), which is unpaid, invisible, and undervalued.
Real World
A 2019 UCL study found that mothers spent 40% more time than fathers on 'worry work' — mentally tracking children's appointments, school deadlines, and emotional wellbeing — even when both parents worked full-time.
Exam Focus
Name all three shifts explicitly (paid work, domestic labour, emotion work) — incomplete lists lose application marks.
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