Glaciated landscape development

Moving ice carves distinctive landforms into upland rock. Corries, glacial troughs, and arêtes are all products of this

Glacial systems and landscapes

Glaciated landscape development

When a glacier melts, it drops the rock and sediment it was carrying. This material builds up into distinctive landforms

Glacial systems and landscapes

Glaciated landscape development

Melting glaciers produce streams of water that deposit sediment and carve channels. These meltwater streams create disti

Glacial systems and landscapes

Glaciated landscape development

Periglacial landforms form at the cold, frozen edges of glaciated areas. Repeated freezing and thawing of the ground cre

Glacial systems and landscapes

Glaciated landscape development

Glacial processes shape individual landforms over time. Together, those landforms combine to create a whole glaciated la

Glacial systems and landscapes

Glaciated landscape development

Glaciated landscapes are shaped by four distinct sets of processes, each leaving its own signature on the land: erosion

Glacial systems and landscapes

Glaciers as natural systems

A glacier works as a system — snow and ice enter as inputs, move through the glacier as transfers, and leave as meltwate

Glacial systems and landscapes

Glaciers as natural systems

A landform is a single physical feature shaped by ice, such as a corrie or a glacial trough. A landscape is the wider vi

Glacial systems and landscapes

Glaciers as natural systems

Treating a glacier as a system means understanding it as a set of interacting parts — with inputs such as snowfall feedi

Glacial systems and landscapes

Global governance

Countries and organisations have created shared rules and bodies to manage how the world works together. These rules and

Global systems and global governance

Global governance

Global agencies like the United Nations try to promote economic growth and peace. But their rules and decisions can also

Global systems and global governance

Global governance

Global governance works across multiple scales at once. A decision made by a global body — like the UN — shapes what hap

Global systems and global governance

Global governance

Because the world is deeply interconnected, no single country can manage global challenges alone — so global governance,

Global systems and global governance

Global population futures

Global environmental changes — ozone depletion and climate change — directly damage human health. They increase rates of

Population and the environment

Global population futures

Demographers forecast where and how many people will live in the future. Geographers then question whether those forecas

Population and the environment

Global population futures

As the global population continues to grow, the relationship between people and the environment is becoming increasingly

Population and the environment

Global systems

Countries today rely on each other across four areas: trade and money, political agreements, the movement of people and

Global systems and global governance

Global systems

Money, people, ideas and technology move around the world unevenly. These flows can drive growth and development, but th

Global systems and global governance

Global systems

Some countries hold far more power than others in the global system. They use that power to write the rules of trade, fi

Global systems and global governance

Global systems

The world today is held together by a global system — a network of economic, political, social and environmental connect

Global systems and global governance

Globalisation

Globalisation moves five things around the world: money, workers, goods, services and information. These flows change wh

Global systems and global governance

Globalisation

Several forces have accelerated globalisation. Advances in transport, communications technology, and international trade

Global systems and global governance

Globalisation

Globalisation is the process by which the world's economies, societies and cultures have become increasingly connected t

Global systems and global governance

Globalisation critique

Globalisation connects countries through trade, investment and communication. This connection can raise living standards

Global systems and global governance

Globalisation critique

Globalisation creates serious problems alongside its benefits. These problems include growing gaps between rich and poor

Global systems and global governance

Globalisation critique

Globalisation — the process by which economies, societies and cultures become increasingly interconnected — has brought

Global systems and global governance