Periglacial landforms: patterned ground, ice wedges, pingos, blockfields, solifluction lobes, terracettes, thermokarst
Periglacial landforms form at the cold, frozen edges of glaciated areas. Repeated freezing and thawing of the ground creates distinctive features like ice-cored hills, polygon-shaped soil patterns, and slow-moving sheets of debris.
Real World
The Mackenzie Delta in northern Canada contains thousands of pingos — some over 50 metres high — formed by hydraulic pressure under permafrost, and thermokarst lakes are expanding rapidly as permafrost thaws.
Exam Focus
For 'explain' questions, link each landform explicitly to freeze-thaw processes and permafrost — naming the mechanism scores higher than describing appearance.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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