27 terms in 3.6
Periodic motion
Motion of an object in a circular path at constant speed. Although speed is constant, velocity is not (direction changes
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
The acceleration directed toward the centre of a circular path, responsible for continuously changing the direction of v
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
The resultant force directed toward the centre of a circular path, necessary to cause centripetal acceleration and maint
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
The rate of change of angular position, measured in radians per second (rad·s⁻¹). Denoted ω, it relates to linear veloci
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
Oscillatory motion in which the acceleration is directly proportional to displacement but opposite in direction: a = −ω²
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
The maximum displacement of an oscillating object from its equilibrium position, measured in metres. Denoted by A, ampli
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
Oscillations of a system driven by an external periodic force at a frequency f_drive. If the driving frequency matches t
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
The phenomenon in which a system oscillates with maximum amplitude when driven at its natural frequency. At resonance, t
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
The dissipation of mechanical energy from an oscillating system through friction, air resistance, or other resistive for
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
Curves on roads or tracks tilted at an angle to the horizontal, so the normal force has a component pointing toward the
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
A pendulum bob moving in a horizontal circle at constant radius, with the string making a constant angle to the vertical
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Periodic motion
In simple harmonic motion, the total mechanical energy remains constant, oscillating between kinetic and potential energ
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, indicating how hot or cold the substance is. Temper
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
The transfer of thermal energy from a hotter region to a colder region due to a temperature difference. Heat is measured
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K, measured in J/(kg·K). Denoted by c, it is a
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
The energy required to change the state of a substance (solid ↔ liquid ↔ gas) at constant temperature. Denoted by L, lat
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
The total kinetic and potential energy of all particles in a substance, related to temperature and state (solid, liquid,
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
A theoretical gas obeying the ideal gas equation pV = nRT, where p is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R = 8
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
The molecular theory explaining gas behaviour as arising from random particle motion. Kinetic theory predicts that press
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
The energy per unit mass required to change a substance's physical state at constant temperature and pressure. Specific
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
A method for measuring specific heat capacity or latent heat by passing a fluid (liquid or gas) continuously through a h
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
An ideal gas law stating that at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume: PV = constant, or P
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
An ideal gas law stating that at constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature: V/T = const
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
An ideal gas law stating that at constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature: P/T = const
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
The number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance: N_A = 6.02 × 10²³ mol⁻¹. It is a fundamental constant linki
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
A fundamental constant k_B = 1.38 × 10⁻²³ J/K relating the energy scale of individual particles to temperature. It appea
Further mechanics and thermal physics
Thermal physics
The square root of the average of the squared speeds of gas particles: v_rms = √(3k_B T/m) = √(3RT/M) where T is absolut
Further mechanics and thermal physics