23 terms in 3.5
Circuits
The total energy per unit charge converted from chemical (or other) energy to electrical energy by a source such as a ba
Electricity
Circuits
The resistance within a power source (such as a battery or cell) due to the resistance of the electrolyte and electrodes
Electricity
Circuits
The potential difference measured across the terminals of a power source (battery or cell) in a circuit where current is
Electricity
Circuits
A circuit configuration in which a single voltage source is divided into smaller voltages by arranging resistors in seri
Electricity
Circuits
Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) states that the sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum of currents leaving it.
Electricity
Circuits
Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) states that the sum of potential differences around a closed loop in a circuit is zero. Ma
Electricity
Circuits
A potential divider circuit where the load resistance can change (e.g., a thermistor or LDR as the load). The output vol
Electricity
Current electricity
The force exerted by one electric charge on another, determined by Coulomb's law: F = kQ₁Q₂/r². Electric forces are fund
Electricity
Current electricity
The rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in amperes (A). Defined as I = Q/t, where Q is the cha
Electricity
Current electricity
A fundamental property of matter that determines electrostatic and electromagnetic interactions. Charge is quantised: it
Electricity
Current electricity
The work done per unit charge by an external agent in moving a charge between two points in an electric field, measured
Electricity
Current electricity
A measure of the opposition to current flow in a conductor, measured in ohms (Ω). Defined by Ohm's law: R = V/I, where V
Electricity
Current electricity
An intrinsic material property measuring how strongly a material opposes current flow, measured in ohm-metres (Ω·m). Res
Electricity
Current electricity
For an ohmic conductor at constant temperature, the current is directly proportional to the applied potential difference
Electricity
Current electricity
A graph of current versus potential difference for a component, showing how current responds to applied voltage. Differe
Electricity
Current electricity
A conductor obeying Ohm's law, with resistance independent of applied potential difference and current. Its I-V characte
Electricity
Current electricity
A light source consisting of a thin wire (filament) that glows when heated by electric current. The filament's resistanc
Electricity
Current electricity
A semiconductor component with two terminals (anode and cathode) that conducts current preferentially in one direction.
Electricity
Current electricity
A resistor whose resistance depends strongly on temperature. Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors decrease
Electricity
Current electricity
A light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photoresistor whose resistance decreases when exposed to light. LDRs are semiconduct
Electricity
Current electricity
A phenomenon in which certain materials at temperatures below their critical temperature show exactly zero electrical re
Electricity
Current electricity
A particle responsible for carrying electric current through a material. In metals, charge carriers are electrons (negat
Electricity
Current electricity
The average velocity at which charge carriers move through a conductor in response to an applied electric field. Despite
Electricity