Charge carrier
A particle responsible for carrying electric current through a material. In metals, charge carriers are electrons (negative); in some semiconductors and ionic solutions, holes (positive) or ions serve as carriers. The charge carrier type determines the direction of conventional current.
Real World
In the lithium-ion battery of a Tesla Model 3, lithium ions act as charge carriers in the electrolyte while electrons carry current through the external circuit, enabling the car to accelerate.
Exam Focus
Distinguish charge carrier type by material: electrons in metals, ions in electrolytes — examiners penalise vague answers saying just 'particles'.
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