Diode
A semiconductor component with two terminals (anode and cathode) that conducts current preferentially in one direction. A diode's I-V characteristic shows nearly zero current in reverse bias and exponential current increase in forward bias once the threshold voltage (~0.7 V for silicon) is exceeded.
Real World
The rectifier circuit inside every USB phone charger uses silicon diodes to convert AC mains to DC, exploiting the diode's one-way conduction so your phone battery only receives current in one direction.
Exam Focus
Quote the silicon threshold voltage as ~0.6–0.7 V; stating just 'a voltage' without a value will not score the recall mark.
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