27 terms in 3.4
Force, energy and momentum
The change in position of an object, measured as the straight-line distance and direction from the initial to the final
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
The rate of change of displacement with time, calculated as v = Δs/Δt (where s is displacement and t is time). A vector
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
The rate of change of velocity with time, calculated as a = Δv/Δt (where v is velocity and t is time). A vector quantity
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
A push or pull that changes (or tends to change) an object's state of motion, measured in newtons (N). A vector quantity
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
The product of mass and velocity: p = mv, measured in kg·m·s⁻¹. A vector quantity (has direction). The rate of change of
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
The capacity to do work. Mechanical energy has two forms: kinetic energy (KE = ½mv², energy of motion) and potential ene
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
The energy transferred when a force acts over a distance: W = F·s·cos(θ), where F is force, s is displacement, and θ is
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, calculated as P = W/t or P = E/t, measured in watts (W), where
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
The process of splitting a vector into two perpendicular components, typically horizontal (x) and vertical (y). If a vec
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
A diagram that represents an object and all the forces acting on it. Each force is drawn as an arrow (vector) showing it
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
The constant speed reached by an object moving through a fluid when the net force becomes zero, typically when air resis
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
The distance a vehicle travels from the moment the brakes are applied until it comes to a complete stop. It depends on t
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
The product of force and the time over which it acts: J = FΔt. Impulse equals the change in momentum: J = Δp = m(v - u).
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
A collision in which kinetic energy is conserved (in addition to momentum). Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserv
Mechanics and materials
Force, energy and momentum
A collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved (though momentum is always conserved). Some kinetic energy is conve
Mechanics and materials
Materials
A measure of the stiffness of a material, defined as E = stress / strain = (F/A) / (Δx/x), where F is force, A is cross-
Mechanics and materials
Materials
The force per unit area acting on a material: σ = F/A, measured in pascals (Pa). A measure of internal forces within a m
Mechanics and materials
Materials
The fractional change in dimension due to applied stress: ε = Δx/x, where Δx is change in length and x is original lengt
Mechanics and materials
Materials
A graph of stress (force per unit area) on the y-axis versus strain (proportional change in length) on the x-axis, showi
Mechanics and materials
Materials
A material property describing a substance's ability to undergo large plastic (permanent) deformations without breaking.
Mechanics and materials
Materials
A material property indicating a substance's tendency to break (fracture) suddenly with little or no plastic deformation
Mechanics and materials
Materials
Materials composed of long-chain molecules (polymers) with repeating structural units. Polymers can be natural (rubber,
Mechanics and materials
Materials
The energy stored in a material when elastically deformed. For a material under stress, elastic strain energy per unit v
Mechanics and materials
Materials
The maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking (fracture). It is found on a stress-strain graph as the stre
Mechanics and materials
Materials
A fundamental principle stating that the extension (or compression) of a spring or elastic material is proportional to t
Mechanics and materials
Materials
An arrangement where springs are connected end-to-end so the same force acts on each. For springs in series, the recipro
Mechanics and materials
Materials
An arrangement where springs are attached to the same two points so the applied force is distributed among them. For spr
Mechanics and materials