Resolving vectors
The process of splitting a vector into two perpendicular components, typically horizontal (x) and vertical (y). If a vector of magnitude F is at angle θ to the horizontal, its components are F_x = F cos(θ) and F_y = F sin(θ). Vector resolution is essential for analysing forces and motion in two dimensions.
Formula
F_x = F cos(θ), F_y = F sin(θ)
Real World
A ski jumper launches at 30° to the horizontal; coaches resolve the takeoff velocity into horizontal and vertical components to predict range and peak height independently.
Exam Focus
Always state which angle you are measuring from and show both component equations before substituting values.
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