22 terms in 2E
Radicalism, Republic and Restoration, 1642–1660
When the Civil War began in 1642, King Charles I led the Royalist side. His leadership had real strengths but also serio
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
Radicalism, Republic and Restoration, 1642–1660
Parliament won the First Civil War partly by reforming its own army and leadership. Three key changes — the Scottish all
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
Radicalism, Republic and Restoration, 1642–1660
As the Civil War continued, ordinary Londoners, soldiers, and writers began demanding far more dramatic change than Parl
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
Radicalism, Republic and Restoration, 1642–1660
Parliament won the First Civil War in 1646, but its leaders immediately split over what to do next. Charles I exploited
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
Radicalism, Republic and Restoration, 1642–1660
During the 1640s and 1650s, soldiers, preachers and ordinary people pushed for radical changes to politics and religion.
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
Radicalism, Republic and Restoration, 1642–1660
After the First Civil War, Parliament and the King repeatedly failed to agree a peace deal. Charles refused to make real
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
Radicalism, Republic and Restoration, 1642–1660
In 1648, Charles I secretly allied with Scotland and triggered a second round of fighting against Parliament. Parliament
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
Radicalism, Republic and Restoration, 1642–1660
After the Second Civil War, Parliament and the army split over what to do with Charles I. A minority forced through his
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
Radicalism, Republic and Restoration, 1642–1660
Once armed conflict broke out in 1642, the question was no longer whether England would fight its king, but what kind of
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
James I left Charles I a kingdom already fractured by religious quarrels, clashes with Parliament over power and money,
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
Charles I believed God gave him the right to rule without challenge. His personality, his Catholic queen, and his chosen
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
Between 1625 and 1629, Charles I faced fierce opposition on three fronts: his money-raising methods, his religious direc
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
By 1628, MPs had grown bold enough to demand that Charles I sign a document limiting his powers. When he ignored it anyw
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
Between 1629 and 1640, Charles I ruled England without calling Parliament. He raised money through controversial legal m
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
Archbishop Laud pushed a style of worship that looked dangerously Catholic to many Protestants. His reforms in England a
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
Thomas Wentworth ran Ireland and parts of England with aggressive, centralised control on Charles I's behalf. His method
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
Religious radicalism spread across Britain in the late 1630s. Scottish resistance to Charles I's religious policies trig
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
By 1640, military defeat by Scotland forced Charles I to recall Parliament after eleven years of ruling alone. Parliamen
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
John Pym led the parliamentary opposition to Charles I and pushed it in an increasingly radical direction. He used publi
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
When the Long Parliament met in 1640, Charles I and MPs tried to reach a deal — but talks broke down completely. Parliam
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
By late 1641, a series of crises pushed England from political argument into armed conflict. Events in Ireland, Charles'
The English Revolution, 1625–1660
The origins of the English Civil War, 1625–1642
England did not stumble into civil war by accident — by 1642, decades of deepening conflict over religion, money, and po
The English Revolution, 1625–1660