The end of the First Civil War: divisions amongst the Parliamentary leaders; attempts at settlement; the capture of Charles I
Parliament won the First Civil War in 1646, but its leaders immediately split over what to do next. Charles I exploited those divisions by refusing every peace offer and secretly seeking foreign help.
Real World
Charles I's secret 'Engagement' treaty with the Scottish Presbyterians in December 1647 is the clearest example of his bad faith: even while negotiating the Newcastle Propositions with Parliament, he was secretly arranging a Scottish invasion to restore him on better terms.
Exam Focus
When explaining Parliamentary divisions, name all three factions (Presbyterians, Independents, Army) and their specific demands — vague references to 'disagreement' will not score highly.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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