26 terms in 2F
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
Louis XIV ran France alone, making every major decision himself. After 1685, this system showed serious cracks, and his
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
After Louis XIV's finance minister Colbert died in 1683, France's economy weakened badly. Two long, expensive wars then
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
Louis XIV fought to control religion in France. He clashed with the Pope, expelled Protestant Huguenots, and persecuted
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
Ordinary French people and regional communities pushed back against Louis XIV's rule through protests and resistance. Wa
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
In 1688, William of Orange seized the English throne and united England and the Dutch Republic against Louis XIV. This n
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
The Grand Alliance was a coalition of European powers that joined forces to stop Louis XIV expanding French territory an
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
The Nine Years War (1688–1697) saw Louis XIV fight a vast coalition of European powers across multiple continents. Franc
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
By 1697, years of costly war had weakened France and strengthened its rivals. France remained powerful, but other Europe
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
When the Spanish king Charles II died childless in 1700, Louis XIV claimed the Spanish throne for his grandson. Other Eu
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) pitted France against a powerful European coalition. Fighting spread far b
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) ended the War of the Spanish Succession. It redistributed territory across Europe and preve
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
When Louis XIV died in 1715, he left France in crisis. His chosen arrangements for who would govern after him were quick
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
Louis XIV in decline, 1685–1715
After 1685, the strains of Louis XIV's personal rule — where all major decisions rested with the king alone — became inc
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
When Louis XIV became king in 1643, he was only four years old. France had been shaped by two powerful men before him —
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
When Louis XIV became king aged four, his mother Anne and her chief minister Mazarin ran France. Powerful nobles and law
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
Two major peace treaties — Westphalia (1648) and the Pyrenees (1659) — ended decades of war and left France stronger tha
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
When Louis XIV took personal control of France in 1661, he inherited a kingdom weakened by decades of noble rebellion, f
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
Louis XIV believed God gave him the right to rule France alone. He used this belief, his own forceful personality, and t
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
Louis XIV used royal funding of art, literature and science to make France the cultural leader of Europe. His minister C
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV's chief finance minister, rebuilt France's economy by cutting waste, boosting industry,
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
Louis XIV fought to control religion in France on three fronts. He clashed with the Pope over church authority, suppress
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
When Louis XIV took personal control in 1661, he wanted to expand French territory and dominate Europe. He rebuilt and p
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
By the 1660s, Spain had lost its grip as Europe's dominant military power. Louis XIV exploited this weakness in the War
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
Louis XIV went to war against the Dutch Republic in 1672, using a secret alliance with England's Charles II to isolate h
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
Louis XIV used legal courts called Chambers of Reunion to claim neighbouring territories as historically French. He then
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715
The Sun King, 1643–1685
From a troubled regency — the period when his mother Anne of Austria and chief minister Mazarin governed France on behal
The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715