Object-oriented programming

One of three fundamental programming constructs where instructions execute in order from first to last without branching

Fundamentals of programming

Object-oriented programming

A fundamental programming construct using conditional statements (if, if-else, switch) to execute different code blocks

Fundamentals of programming

Object-oriented programming

A fundamental programming construct enabling repeated execution of code blocks using loops (for, while, do-while). Itera

Fundamentals of programming

Object-oriented programming

Logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) that combine or negate boolean values to create complex conditions. Boolean operators e

Fundamentals of programming

Object-oriented programming

The practice of evaluating conditions and making decisions based on true/false results, forming the basis of selection c

Fundamentals of programming

Object-oriented programming

An object composition relationship where an object contains references to other objects as parts. Aggregation represents

Fundamentals of programming

Object-oriented programming

An object composition relationship where an object exclusively owns and controls contained objects. Composition represen

Fundamentals of programming

Object-oriented programming

A relationship between classes indicating that objects of one class use or interact with objects of another. Association

Fundamentals of programming

Object-oriented programming

Classes that cannot be instantiated directly but serve as templates for subclasses. Abstract classes define common struc

Fundamentals of programming

Object-oriented programming

Contracts specifying methods that implementing classes must provide without defining implementation. Interfaces define c

Fundamentals of programming

Programming concepts and constructs

The fundamental building blocks of computer programs, including variables, constants, and assignments. Programming conce

Fundamentals of programming

Programming concepts and constructs

Classifications of data that define the type of values a variable can hold and the operations permitted on that data. Co

Fundamentals of programming

Programming concepts and constructs

Variables are named memory locations with modifiable values, while constants are named memory locations with fixed value

Fundamentals of programming

Programming concepts and constructs

A parameter passing mechanism where a copy of the argument value is passed to the function. Changes to the parameter ins

Fundamentals of programming

Programming concepts and constructs

A parameter passing mechanism where the address of the argument is passed to the function. Changes to the parameter insi

Fundamentals of programming

Programming concepts and constructs

Variables declared outside all functions with scope extending throughout the entire program. Global variables exist for

Fundamentals of programming

Programming concepts and constructs

Variables declared within functions or blocks with scope limited to that region. Local variables are created when execut

Fundamentals of programming

Programming concepts and constructs

The region of code where a variable is accessible and can be referenced. Scope rules determine variable visibility and l

Fundamentals of programming

Programming concepts and constructs

Operations on sequences of characters including concatenation, substring extraction, pattern matching, and manipulation.

Fundamentals of programming

Programming concepts and constructs

Input/output operations for reading from and writing to files on persistent storage. File handling enables data persiste

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic c

Named blocks of code that perform specific tasks and can be called multiple times from different locations in a program.

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic c

Parameters are formal variables declared in function definitions, while arguments are actual values passed to functions

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic c

Values that functions send back to calling code when they complete execution. Return statements specify which value to r

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic c

Scope defines where variables are accessible in code, while lifetime defines how long variables persist in memory. Local

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic d

A programming technique where functions call themselves to solve problems by breaking them into smaller versions of the

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic e

Blueprints for creating objects that group related data (attributes) and behavior (methods) together. Classes enable obj

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic e

Instances of classes containing specific attribute values and methods for performing actions. Objects represent concrete

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic e

Bundling data and methods within classes while hiding internal implementation details through access modifiers. Encapsul

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic e

A mechanism enabling classes to inherit attributes and methods from parent classes, promoting code reuse and hierarchy.

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic e

The ability of objects to take multiple forms and be treated through common parent interfaces despite actual types diffe

Fundamentals of programming

Subtopic f

A programming mechanism for gracefully responding to errors and abnormal conditions using try-catch-finally blocks. Exce

Fundamentals of programming