25 terms in 1A
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
By 1071, the Christian Church dominated everyday life across western Europe. The Pope — the Church's leader in Rome — wa
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
By 1071, a Turkish Muslim group called the Seljuks had built a vast empire stretching from Central Asia into the Middle
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
By 1071, the Byzantine Empire — the powerful Christian empire centred on Constantinople — had weakened badly from within
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
In 1095, Pope Urban II called on Christian knights to march east and recapture Jerusalem. He had both religious reasons
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
Different people joined the First Crusade for very different reasons. Powerful lords like Raymond of Toulouse wanted lan
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was a military expedition that captured Jerusalem. It reshaped three worlds: the Muslim Ne
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
After the First Crusade, Christian rulers built and expanded a group of states in the Middle East called Outremer. Baldw
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
The Templars and Hospitallers were organisations of warrior-monks. They defended the Crusader states, cared for pilgrims
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
The Crusader states had to manage four very different neighbours and allies at once. Each relationship — with Byzantium,
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
After the Crusaders carved out states in the Muslim world, the Islamic response was slow and divided. Zengi, a powerful
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
The Second Crusade was a military expedition launched in 1147 after Muslims captured the Crusader county of Edessa. It e
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
The Second Crusade (1147–1149) failed badly. Its failure changed the balance of power across four different worlds: the
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149
By 1071, a collision of forces — a resurgent Papacy seeking authority, the rising Seljuk Turks pressing into Christian l
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
From 1149, Muslim rulers began uniting the fragmented Islamic world against the Crusader states. Nureddin led this reviv
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
Outremer was the collection of Christian-ruled states in the Near East. After 1149, these states faced serious political
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
Outremer — the Christian-ruled territories in the Near East — tore itself apart through bitter power struggles. Baldwin
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
Saladin built a powerful Muslim empire by combining religious leadership, political skill, and military conquest. His vi
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
When Saladin took Jerusalem in 1187, the Christian states in the Holy Land faced a catastrophic crisis. His victory shat
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
After Saladin captured Jerusalem in 1187, Europe's leaders began organising a new Crusade. Each leader had different rea
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) brought Europe's most powerful kings together to recapture Jerusalem. Their personal rival
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) challenged Saladin militarily but left him in control of Jerusalem. Saladin ended the Crus
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
Three forces shaped the Fourth Crusade before it even began. Pope Innocent III drove it with religious ambition. Venice
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
The Fourth Crusade set out to fight Muslims but never reached Muslim territory. Debt to Venice and political complicatio
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
By 1204, the Crusades had reshaped three worlds differently. The Muslim Near East grew stronger, the Byzantine Empire la
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
The revival of Islam and the later Crusades, 1149–1204
After 1149, the Crusader states — the Christian territories in the Near East collectively known as Outremer — faced a dr
The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204