Data representation and encoding

Expressing numbers using base-2 positional notation with digits 0 and 1, the foundation of digital computing. Binary rep

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Expressing numbers using base-16 positional notation with digits 0-9 and letters A-F. Hexadecimal provides compact notat

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Positional notations representing numbers using different bases (binary-2, decimal-10, hexadecimal-16). Different bases

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in binary using similar algorithms to decimal arithmetic.

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

A method representing negative integers in binary by inverting all bits and adding 1. Two's complement enables subtracti

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

A signed integer representation using one bit for sign and remaining bits for magnitude. Sign and magnitude is simple co

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Number representation with fixed decimal point position dividing integer and fractional parts. Fixed point provides pred

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Ensuring floating point mantissa is in form 1.something (or 0.1something) with adjustment to exponent. Normalisation pro

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Components of floating point representation: mantissa (significant digits), exponent (scale). Together they represent nu

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Overflow occurs when result exceeds maximum representable magnitude. Underflow occurs when result is smaller than minimu

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Number of samples per unit time in analog-to-digital conversion. Sampling rate determines maximum frequency representabl

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Precision of sampled values determined by bit depth. Higher resolution enables capturing finer amplitude variations. Res

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Number of bits used to represent each sample value. Bit depth determines amplitude precision and dynamic range. Common d

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Number of bits representing each pixel colour. Colour depth determines colour palette size and image quality. Common dep

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Lossless compression encoding consecutive identical values as (value, count) pairs. Effective for images/data with long

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Lossless compression replacing frequent patterns with shorter codes using a dictionary. Huffman and LZ77 variants exempl

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Optimal prefix-free code construction assigning shorter codes to frequent symbols. Huffman coding minimizes average code

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Encryption using same key for both encryption and decryption. Fast and efficient for bulk data. Requires secure key dist

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Encryption using different keys: public key for encryption, private key for decryption. Enables secure communication wit

Fundamentals of data representation

Data representation and encoding

Functions mapping data to fixed-size hash values enabling fast lookup. Cryptographic hashes provide integrity verificati

Fundamentals of data representation

Subtopic b

Representing real numbers in binary using sign bit, exponent, and mantissa fields enabling representation of very large

Fundamentals of data representation

Subtopic b

Mapping characters to binary representations enabling text storage and transmission. ASCII encodes 128 characters using

Fundamentals of data representation