Bit depth
Number of bits used to represent each sample value. Bit depth determines amplitude precision and dynamic range. Common depths: 8-bit (telephony), 16-bit (CD), 24-bit (professional audio).
Formula
Dynamic range (dB) ≈ 6 × bit depth
Real World
CD audio uses 16-bit depth giving about 96 dB dynamic range, while professional studios like Abbey Road record at 24-bit (144 dB) to capture everything from a whisper to a full orchestra.
Exam Focus
In file size calculations, use: size = sampling rate × bit depth × duration × channels. Show every step for method marks.
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