Garland's culture of control
Garland argues modern crime control has become punitive and security-focused, moving away from rehabilitative ideals; 'culture of control' prioritises public protection and victim needs over offender reform.
Real World
The UK's prison population more than doubled between 1990 and 2020, and 'three strikes' mandatory sentencing was introduced in the USA — Garland's culture of control explains this punitive turn as a political and cultural shift, not just a response to rising crime.
Exam Focus
Contrast Garland with earlier welfarist approaches to punishment — showing historical change demonstrates analytical depth and earns higher AO2 marks.
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