White-collar crime (Sutherland)
Sutherland defined white-collar crime as crime committed by respectable people in course of their occupations: fraud, embezzlement, bribery, unsafe workplace practices.
Real World
Bernie Madoff's $65 billion Ponzi scheme — committed in a suit, from an office on Wall Street — is a textbook Sutherland white-collar crime: no violence, enormous harm, and initial respectability that delayed prosecution for decades.
Exam Focus
Always contrast white-collar crime with official statistics to show the 'dark figure' — this directly addresses why crime data is socially constructed.
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