Merton — strain theory
Robert Merton's functionalist theory that crime results from strain between culturally emphasised goals (wealth, success) and socially acceptable means to achieve them, leading people to innovate through crime.
Real World
Young people in deprived areas of Detroit, where car manufacturing jobs have collapsed, may turn to drug dealing (innovation) — accepting the American Dream goal of financial success but rejecting legitimate employment as a means.
Exam Focus
Name all five adaptations with a brief definition; most exam answers only cover innovation — full marks require the complete typology.
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