Durkheim
Émile Durkheim (1858-1917) was a founding functionalist sociologist who analysed how social institutions (religion, education, law) create shared values and collective conscience that bind society together and maintain social solidarity.
Real World
After the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing, thousands gathered for vigils and shared the 'I Love Manchester' bee symbol — illustrating Durkheim's collective conscience, where a traumatic event strengthens shared values and social solidarity across a community.
Exam Focus
Always distinguish mechanical from organic solidarity when discussing Durkheim; examiners reward precise use of both concepts.
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