Left realism
Critical approach to crime that takes crime seriously (especially impact on poor and marginalised) while rejecting biological determinism and recognising structural causes (poverty, unemployment, discrimination).
Real World
Left realists point to high street gang crime in deprived areas like Moss Side, Manchester, where young men excluded from mainstream employment feel relatively deprived compared to the wealthy lifestyles promoted on social media, turning to crime as an alternative route to status.
Exam Focus
Use the left realist 'square of crime' (offender, victim, police, public) to structure 'outline and explain' answers for extra marks.
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