Functionalism
A macro structural theory that views society as an integrated system where each institution serves essential functions to maintain social stability and order. Durkheim and Parsons are key functionalist theorists who argue that social institutions exist because they meet collective needs.
Real World
The NHS functions as a social institution that, in Parsons' view, maintains societal stability by keeping the workforce healthy and productive — each part (GPs, hospitals, social care) interdependent, serving the whole system.
Exam Focus
For 'evaluate' questions, always counter functionalism with conflict theory evidence to access top mark bands.
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