Flew and Falsification
Philosopher Antony Flew challenged religious language through falsification: if believers cannot specify conditions falsifying 'God is good,' the claim is meaningless. Flew's parable of the gardener illustrated how religious language can become unfalsifiable.
Real World
Flew's gardener parable mirrors debates after events like the Holocaust: believers who continue asserting divine goodness despite overwhelming evidence of suffering illustrate how the original claim has 'died the death of a thousand qualifications.'
Exam Focus
Distinguish Flew's falsification challenge from Ayer's verification principle — examiners reward precise identification of which criterion is being applied.
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