Butler's Supremacy of Conscience
Joseph Butler's argument that conscience is the supreme moral authority: conscience judges all actions. When conscience and inclination conflict, conscience must prevail.
Real World
Nelson Mandela continued resisting apartheid despite personal safety and social pressure, reflecting Butler's idea that conscience carries supreme authority over self-interest and external expectation.
Exam Focus
When 'assess' or 'evaluate' appears, contrast Butler's supremacy claim with Freud's view that conscience is merely conditioned guilt, not genuine authority.
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