Fromm's Authoritarian vs. Humanistic Conscience
Erich Fromm's psychological distinction between authoritarian conscience (internalized social authority, fear-based) and humanistic conscience (authentic personal values, self-expression).
Real World
A young person raised in a strict religious household who feels crushing guilt for minor rule-breaks exemplifies Fromm's authoritarian conscience — shame driven by internalised external authority rather than genuine personal values.
Exam Focus
Contrast Fromm directly with Aquinas or Butler; examiners reward application of Fromm's psychological framework to named ethical scenarios.
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