Euthyphro Dilemma
Plato's logical challenge to Divine Command Theory: Are things good because God commands them, or does God command them because they are good? If the former, morality seems arbitrary; if the latter, goodness is independent of God, undermining the theory. The dilemma challenges whether morality can be grounded in divine command.
Real World
When Dostoevsky's character Ivan Karamazov in 'The Brothers Karamazov' rejects a God who permits child suffering, he implicitly invokes the first horn: if God commands acceptance of suffering, that seems morally arbitrary — a real-world parallel is the Holocaust, where theologians debated whether God's apparent silence undermined any divine moral authority.
Exam Focus
State both horns precisely: 'arbitrary morality' vs 'goodness independent of God' — losing either horn drops you from Level 5 to Level 3.
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