Kant's Kingdom of Ends
Kant's vision of a 'kingdom of ends' where all rational beings are treated as ends in themselves and none as mere means, governed by universal moral laws.
Real World
Modern human rights law — such as the UN's prohibition on using prisoners as unwilling medical test subjects (the Nuremberg Code) — embodies the kingdom of ends: no person may be reduced to a mere instrument for another's benefit, however great.
Exam Focus
Link the kingdom of ends to the humanity formulation explicitly — examiners want to see you connect Kant's three formulations rather than treat them separately.
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