Incarnation
The Christian doctrine that God, the eternal Son, became fully human in Jesus Christ while remaining fully divine. The incarnation is the central Christian affirmation that divinity and humanity united in the person of Jesus. The Council of Chalcedon (451 CE) defined the incarnation: Christ is 'truly God and truly human, in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division, without separation.'
Real World
The Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of the incarnation — denying that Jesus is fully divine — led to their worldwide literature (distributed in 240 lands) explicitly challenging orthodox Christology, making incarnation doctrine a live public debate rather than an abstract historical question.
Exam Focus
Quote Chalcedon's four negatives precisely in 'explain' questions; vague paraphrase loses the technical accuracy mark-schemes require.
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