Eucharist and Communion Theology
Christian denominations understand the Eucharist (Holy Communion, the Lord's Supper) differently: transubstantiation (Catholic: bread/wine become Christ's body/blood in substance); consubstantiation (Lutheran: Christ's body present alongside bread); memorial view (Reformed/Baptist: remembrance of Christ's sacrifice); real presence (Anglican: authentic but spiritually real presence).
Real World
At every Catholic Mass worldwide — including the papal Mass at St Peter's Basilica — the priest pronounces the words of consecration and the Church teaches that bread and wine become Christ's body and blood through transubstantiation, a doctrine codified at the Council of Trent in 1551.
Exam Focus
For 'explain' questions, name the specific council and year that defined transubstantiation; vague references to 'Catholic teaching' lose marks.
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