Learning theory as applied to smoking behaviour, including reference to cue reactivity
Learning theory explains how people become addicted to smoking through reward and association. Certain sights, smells, or situations trigger powerful cravings because the brain has learned to link them with smoking.
Real World
A study by Carter and Tiffany (1999) found that showing smokers images of cigarettes and ashtrays triggered measurable increases in heart rate and self-reported craving, demonstrating cue reactivity.
Exam Focus
Distinguish classical conditioning (cue reactivity) from operant conditioning (reinforcement) — examiners expect both mechanisms explained separately.
Evaluation Scaffold
A four-step framework for high-quality evaluation. Use this for 'assess', 'evaluate', and 'to what extent' questions.
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