Sex and gender; sex-role stereotypes
Sex refers to biological differences between males and females. Gender refers to the psychological and social sense of being a man or woman. Sex-role stereotypes are shared beliefs about how each gender should behave.
Real World
Advertising campaigns for toys like Lego historically showed only boys building, reinforcing sex-role stereotypes that engineering is masculine — a bias Lego's 2014 'Research Institute' set publicly challenged.
Exam Focus
Always distinguish 'sex' (biological) from 'gender' (psychological/social) early in your answer — conflating them loses marks on definition questions.
Evaluation Scaffold
A four-step framework for high-quality evaluation. Use this for 'assess', 'evaluate', and 'to what extent' questions.
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