Genetics and neural explanations of offending behaviour
Some researchers argue that genes and brain structure can make a person more likely to commit crimes. These biological factors may influence aggression, impulse control, and the ability to feel empathy.
Real World
The warrior gene (MAOA-L variant) was used as a defence in the 2009 US case of Bradley Waldroup, who killed his wife's friend. Brain scans showed reduced prefrontal cortex activity, and the jury returned a manslaughter rather than murder verdict after hearing the genetic evidence.
Exam Focus
Always evaluate by discussing the nature-nurture debate — biological determinism ignores free will and environmental triggers.
Evaluation Scaffold
A four-step framework for high-quality evaluation. Use this for 'assess', 'evaluate', and 'to what extent' questions.
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