The bottom-up approach, including investigative Psychology
The bottom-up approach builds a picture of an unknown offender by analysing patterns in crime scene evidence. Psychologists use statistical data from real cases to predict the offender's characteristics.
Real World
David Canter used investigative psychology to help catch John Duffy, the 'Railway Rapist', by statistically analysing crime scene behaviour patterns across 24 linked sexual assaults in London.
Exam Focus
Explain how the bottom-up approach differs from top-down by emphasising its use of statistical analysis rather than pre-set typologies.
Evaluation Scaffold
A four-step framework for high-quality evaluation. Use this for 'assess', 'evaluate', and 'to what extent' questions.
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