Differential association theory
Differential association theory argues that people learn to commit crimes from others. Spending more time with pro-criminal people makes criminal behaviour more likely.
Real World
Research into London street gangs shows that young people who spend most of their time with gang members absorb pro-criminal attitudes, learning techniques for theft or drug dealing and adopting definitions that frame offending as normal and even admirable within their peer group.
Exam Focus
Emphasise that Sutherland says crime is learned, not inherited — contrasting this with biological explanations earns AO3 comparison marks.
Evaluation Scaffold
A four-step framework for high-quality evaluation. Use this for 'assess', 'evaluate', and 'to what extent' questions.
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