Marcus Garvey
The Jamaican-American activist who championed Black nationalism, pan-Africanism, and racial pride, arguing that Black people worldwide should unite, achieve economic independence, and ultimately return to Africa.
Real World
Garvey's Black Star Line shipping company (founded 1919) was a direct attempt to create Black economic independence and facilitate migration to Africa — embodying his belief that political freedom required economic self-sufficiency.
Exam Focus
Link Garvey to anti-colonial nationalism and pan-Africanism; examiners expect you to connect him to the broader spectrum of nationalist thought beyond liberal nationalism.
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