The Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791, guaranteeing fundamental individual liberties including freedom of speech, religion, arms, and due process.
Real World
In New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), the Supreme Court blocked government attempts to suppress the Pentagon Papers, citing the First Amendment's guarantee of press freedom — showing the Bill of Rights limiting executive power in real time.
Exam Focus
Cite specific amendments by number and case law by name; examiners reward precise knowledge over general statements about 'freedom of speech'.
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