Liberalism: Core Ideas
The foundational principles of liberalism: individualism, freedom, reason, equality of opportunity, tolerance, consent, and constitutionalism.
Real World
The UK's 1689 Bill of Rights, limiting the monarch's power and establishing parliamentary consent, was an early liberal constitutional settlement; John Locke's ideas underpinning it later directly influenced the American Declaration of Independence in 1776.
Exam Focus
For ideology questions, anchor each liberal value to a named thinker (Locke, Mill, Rawls) — examiner mark schemes reward theoretical grounding, not just description.
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