Delegate and Mandate Theories
MPs following voters' wishes or their party's programme
Real World
After winning the 2019 election on a 'Get Brexit Done' manifesto, Boris Johnson claimed a mandate to pass the Withdrawal Agreement, arguing that MPs who opposed it were defying the electorate's clear instruction.
Exam Focus
Compare delegate, mandate, and trustee models directly — examiners reward candidates who explain tensions between all three.
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