Arne Naess and Deep Ecology
The Norwegian philosopher who founded deep ecology, arguing that nature has intrinsic value independent of its usefulness to humans, and that all living beings have an equal right to flourish.
Real World
Naess himself lived in a remote Norwegian mountain hut for years, embodying his principle of 'self-realisation through nature' — a deliberate rejection of industrial consumer society.
Exam Focus
When evaluating deep ecology, use the tension between biocentric equality and human rights to construct a developed counterargument — this signals analytical skill.
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