26 terms in 3.7
Capacitance
A region of space where an electric charge experiences a force. Electric field strength E is the force per unit positive
Fields and their consequences
Capacitance
The electric potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field, measured in volts (V) or J/C. Potential d
Fields and their consequences
Capacitance
The charge stored per unit potential difference across a conductor or capacitor: C = Q/V, measured in farads (F), where
Fields and their consequences
Capacitance
The electric force per unit positive charge at any point in space. For a point charge Q, the electric field strength at
Fields and their consequences
Capacitance
A device consisting of two parallel conducting plates separated by a small distance, used to store electrical charge and
Fields and their consequences
Capacitance
The process by which a capacitor accumulates or loses electrical charge. During charging through a resistor, Q(t) = Q₀(1
Fields and their consequences
Capacitance
A charged capacitor stores electrical potential energy. Energy stored E = ½QV = ½CV² = Q²/(2C) where Q is charge, V is p
Fields and their consequences
Capacitance
In an RC circuit, the product τ = RC where R is resistance and C is capacitance. Time constant represents the time for c
Fields and their consequences
Fields
A region of space where a massive object exerts a gravitational force on any other mass. Gravitational field strength g
Fields and their consequences
Fields
The gravitational force between two point masses is proportional to their product and inversely proportional to the squa
Fields and their consequences
Fields
The gravitational potential energy per unit mass at a point in a gravitational field, measured in J/kg or m²/s². Denoted
Fields and their consequences
Fields
The gravitational force per unit mass exerted by a massive object on a test mass. At distance r from a point mass M, gra
Fields and their consequences
Fields
The minimum speed an object needs to escape from the gravitational field of a massive body to infinity. Escape velocity
Fields and their consequences
Fields
An orbit around Earth where a satellite's orbital period equals Earth's rotational period (24 hours), so the satellite a
Fields and their consequences
Fields
Three empirical laws describing planetary orbits: (1) Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus. (2) A
Fields and their consequences
Fields
The energy stored in the gravitational field due to the separation of masses. For two point masses M and m separated by
Fields and their consequences
Magnetic fields
A region of space where a magnetic force is exerted on a moving charge or current-carrying conductor. Magnetic field str
Fields and their consequences
Magnetic fields
The generation of an electrical current or EMF when magnetic flux through a circuit changes. Faraday's law: EMF = −N(ΔΦ_
Fields and their consequences
Magnetic fields
A measure of the strength of a magnetic field, denoted B and measured in tesla (T). Magnetic flux Φ = B·A·cos(θ) where A
Fields and their consequences
Magnetic fields
A charged particle moving through a magnetic field experiences a magnetic force perpendicular to both velocity and field
Fields and their consequences
Magnetic fields
A device using crossed electric and magnetic fields to select particles with a specific velocity. For particles moving p
Fields and their consequences
Magnetic fields
A particle accelerator using a perpendicular magnetic field to accelerate charged particles in a spiral path. Particles
Fields and their consequences
Magnetic fields
The quantitative law of electromagnetic induction: EMF = -N × dΦ/dt where N is the number of turns in the coil and dΦ/dt
Fields and their consequences
Magnetic fields
The induced current (or induced magnetic field) opposes the change in magnetic flux that causes it. Mathematically, this
Fields and their consequences
Magnetic fields
A device that converts mechanical energy into alternating current (AC) electrical energy. A coil rotates in a uniform ma
Fields and their consequences
Magnetic fields
A device using electromagnetic induction to change AC voltage and current. For an ideal transformer with primary turns N
Fields and their consequences