26 terms in 2T
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
After World War Two, the USSR controlled several neighbouring countries called satellite states. Each state had its own
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
The USSR forced countries it controlled to copy Soviet-style politics, culture, and daily life. Ordinary people experien
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Communist governments in Soviet-controlled states used secret police, censorship and tight border controls to silence op
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Between 1953 and 1968, workers and reformers in several Soviet-controlled countries rose up against communist rule. The
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
After 1968, four Soviet satellite states each took a different approach to communist rule. Their leaders — Gierek, Husak
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
After 1968, the satellite states tried to fix failing communist economies through reforms. Western goods, culture, and i
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
People across Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe used Western radio, legal agreements, protest groups, churches, and elect
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Polish workers launched mass strikes in 1980 and formed Solidarity — the first independent trade union in the Soviet blo
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Before communism collapsed in 1989, people across Eastern Europe found different ways to resist their governments. In Po
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
By 1989, Romania and Bulgaria were communist states in deep trouble. Their long-serving leaders, Ceaușescu and Zhivkov,
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
In 1989, communist governments across Eastern Europe fell from power. Most collapsed through mass protests and negotiate
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
After communism collapsed in 1989, Eastern European countries had to build new democratic governments and free-market ec
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Beyond the USSR's own borders, the Soviet satellite states — countries in central and eastern Europe that were political
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
When Stalin died in 1953, he left behind a state built on fear and rigid central control. Four men competed to replace h
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
Khrushchev led the USSR from 1953 and broke sharply with Stalin's brutal methods. He attacked Stalin's legacy publicly,
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
Khrushchev tried to fix the Soviet economy and loosen cultural controls after Stalin. His reforms changed how factories
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
Under Khrushchev, the USSR pursued a contradictory foreign policy. It sought to reduce tension with the West while simul
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
In 1964, Communist Party insiders ousted Khrushchev and replaced him with Leonid Brezhnev. Brezhnev built his power on r
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
Under Brezhnev, the Soviet economy slowly stopped working. Reforms failed, military spending soared, and ordinary worker
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
Under Brezhnev, the USSR first eased tensions with the West through a policy called détente. Then the 1979 invasion of A
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
During the late Brezhnev era, brave individuals and whole nationalities pushed back against Soviet rule. A series of sho
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
Mikhail Gorbachev became Soviet leader in 1985 and launched three radical reform programmes to save communism from colla
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
Gorbachev tried to save the Soviet Union by reforming its broken economy and opening up its political system. His reform
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
Gorbachev's reforms unleashed forces he could not control. By December 1991, a failed coup, rising nationalism, and econ
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
Boris Yeltsin led post-Soviet Russia through a chaotic decade of economic collapse and political crisis. He resigned on
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000
Crisis in the Soviet Union, 1953–2000
From Stalin's death in 1953 to the collapse of the USSR in 1991 and its turbulent aftermath, the Soviet Union lurched th
The Crisis of Communism: The USSR and the Soviet Empire, 1953–2000