The collapse of the Empire: the first Peace of Paris; the 100 days; Napoleon's abdication and second Peace of Paris; treatment of France by the Vienna settlement; the condition of France in 1815; Napoleon's reputation and legacy
Napoleon's empire collapsed twice between 1814 and 1815. Allied powers then reshaped Europe at the Congress of Vienna, leaving France weakened but intact.
Real World
The Hundred Days showed that Napoleon's personal charisma could rebuild an army in weeks: soldiers sent to arrest him outside Grenoble instead joined him, echoing how strong leaders can still command loyalty even after apparent defeat.
Exam Focus
On Napoleon's legacy, avoid purely positive or negative judgements — examiners reward balanced assessments that weigh the Code Napoléon against authoritarianism and the costs of war.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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