The aftermath of the Terror: the Thermidorian reaction and White Terror; the 1795 Parisian risings
After the violent Terror ended in 1794, France swung sharply against radical Jacobin rule. Royalists and moderates took revenge on former Terrorists, and hungry Parisians launched two failed uprisings in 1795.
Real World
After Thermidor, Jacobin clubs were closed, the Paris Revolutionary Tribunal disbanded, and former terrorists like Carrier were themselves tried and executed — mirroring the cycles of political revenge the Revolution claimed to have ended.
Exam Focus
Distinguish clearly between the Thermidorian reaction (elite-led) and the White Terror (popular/royalist violence) — conflating them loses marks on causation questions.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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