Pressures for change: Luddism; anti-slavery movement; Methodism; early socialism and Robert Owen
Between roughly 1783 and 1832, several movements pushed Britain to change. They challenged factory conditions, slavery, religious inequality, and the brutal effects of industrial capitalism.
Real World
In 1812, Luddite rioters in Nottinghamshire smashed stocking frames owned by hosiers like Henson & Co, forcing the government to make frame-breaking a capital offence — showing how seriously the establishment feared organised worker resistance.
Exam Focus
When asked to 'assess', weigh each movement's impact separately before reaching a supported overall judgement.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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