Economic developments: industrialisation; growth of cotton and other industries; changes in power; condition of agriculture
Between 1783 and 1832, Britain shifted from a farming economy to a factory-based one. New machines, steam power, and booming industries like cotton transformed how people worked and where they lived.
Real World
Richard Arkwright's water-powered cotton mill at Cromford (1771) employed over 200 workers by 1790, replacing cottage spinners and demonstrating how a single factory owner could reshape an entire local economy.
Exam Focus
When explaining 'change', identify what came before — examiners reward contrasting pre-industrial agriculture with factory production.
Essay Framework
Use PEEL to structure every paragraph. Tap each step for guidance and an example.
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